Together, there is some evidence to support anecdotes for a behavioral impact of proximal exposure to Aqua Titan-treated materials. The autonomic nervous system responses are relevant to health because they are integral to cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, pain, and behavioral responses essential for survival, and are therefore implicated in diseases, such as, hypertension and obesity [ 44 ]. In addition, sleeplessness is related to autonomic nerve system disturbance and high psychological stress causing serious problems in daily living and the work place [ 45 , 46 ].
The effects of Aqua Titan on neuronal and sympathetic nerve function, relaxation in mice and humans, and restorative impacts on musculotendinous function support several possibilities for improved health and performance. The lowering of long-term potentiation and change to resting membrane potential in pyramidal neurons with Aqua Titan-treated tape suggests not only a mechanism for reduced pain memory, but also possible altered nerve function in general. Aqua Titan may also regulate joint stiffness and range of motion via altered neuromuscular pathways.
It is possible, therefore, that a similar effect of Aqua Titan on the membrane potential of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves could change nerve activity, leading to the alleviation of emotional stress, and raise the prospect of effects on other autonomic nervous system regulated physiological responses e.
Evidence for improved cellular growth and musculoskeletal efficiency, suggests Aqua Titan may enhance muscle recovery from prior strenuous fatiguing exercise. Further research is required to determine the magnitude and clinical effects of longer-term exposure to living and working spaces and to wearable garments and tapes treated with Aqua Titan.
Research should also determine the physical and physiological mechanisms, which will expand the evidence base for application. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List J Funct Biomater v. J Funct Biomater. Published online Jan 3. David S. Sarah P. Author information Article notes Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Titanium is biocompatible and widely utilized in a variety of applications.
Keywords: Aqua Titan, action potential, long-term potentiation, tendon compliance, musculotendinous function, cell adhesion and growth, autonomic nervous system, pico-nanometer scale. Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Cellular Adhesion, Growth, and Function Titanium and titanium alloys have been widely used in surgical implantation, primarily because of the bioavailability and tolerance of titanium within biological systems. Figure 2. Neural Response There is strong biocompatibility between titanium and nerves: TiO 2 does not alter the structure or function of myelinated nerves [ 21 ], and direct contact between titanium metal implant and nerves did not lead to any neurotoxic effects [ 22 ].
Figure 3. Musculotendinous and Skeletal Muscle Function Beyond surgical implants, Aqua Titan has been integrated into garments and material tapes and investigated for improved restoration of human musculoskeletal function following normal fatiguing exercise.
Figure 4. Behavioral and Psychological Responses Local exposure to wall and flooring materials and garments treated with Aqua Titan has been shown to have some impact on some physiological and behavioral responses to local environmental stress. Figure 5. Conclusions The effects of Aqua Titan on neuronal and sympathetic nerve function, relaxation in mice and humans, and restorative impacts on musculotendinous function support several possibilities for improved health and performance.
Acknowledgments Funding support for research was provided by Phiten, Co. Ltd, Kyoto, Japan. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1. Buettner K. Bioinorganic chemistry of titanium.
Hirata Y. NZ Patent. Korte M. Influence of aquatitan tape in nerve cells of the central nervous system. Sugita Y. Effects of pico-to-nanometer-thin TiO 2 coating on the biological properties of microroughened titanium. Carballo-Vila M. Titanium oxide as substrate for neural cell growth. Overgaard L. Anti-inflammatory properties of titanium in the joint environment. An experimental study in rats. Bone Joint Surg. Sahlin H. Anti-inflammatory properties of micropatterned titanium coatings.
Suzuki R. Reactive oxygen species inhibited by titanium oxide coatings. Hughes J. Effect of microtitanium impregnated tape on the recovery of triceps surae musculotendinous function following strenuous running. Rowlands D. Effect of whole-body microtitanium-treated garments on metabolic cost of exercise following strenuous hill running. Aoi W. Titanium-treated surroundings attenuate psychological stress associated with autonomic nerve regulation in office workers with daily emotional stress.
Choudhary S. Increased endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion on nanostructured titanium and CoCrMo. Ishizaki K. Nanometer-thin TiO 2 enhances skeletal muscle cell phenotype and behavior. Masuda T. Generalizations regarding the process and phenomenon of osseointegration.
Part I. In vivo studies. Oral Maxillofac. Goldmann W. Intact vinculin protein is required for control of cell shape, cell mechanics, and rac-dependent lamellipodia formation. Humphries J. Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin. Cell Biol. Arnesen S. The effects of collagen type I topography on myoblasts in vitro. Tissue Res. Beier J. Collagen matrices from sponge to nano: New perspectives for tissue engineering of skeletal muscle. BMC Biotechnol.
Saruwatari L. Osteoblasts generate harder, stiffer, and more delamination-resistant mineralized tissue on titanium than on polystyrene, associated with distinct tissue micro- and ultrastructure. Bone Miner. Ogawa T. Different bone integration profiles of turned and acid-etched implants associated with modulated expression of extracellular matrix genes.
Onur M. Part B Appl. Cehreli M. Effects of hydroxyapatite-coated and commercially pure titanium oral implant surfaces on compound nerve action potentials. Oral Implants Res. Supports the optimum operation of the muscle tendon in the forearm which can help relieve tension and pain and boost the flow of body fluids in surrounding area.
Phiten New Zealand - Phiten accessories, apparel and care products. Checkout My account My wishlist Your shopping cart is empty.
Phiten Products. Search for:. Find us on Facebook. Phiten Titanium tapes and discs can help release tension and relax muscles. They can provide relief from pain and discomfort in the back, neck, muscles and joints knees, elbow, shoulder etc. Apply before exercise to help prevent cramping, muscle strain or tendon damage.
Use after exercise or injury to assist recovery. Phiten has tapes to suit every purpose, with different strengths depending on need. Click to see range Phiten-Tapes-by-Type and why Phitens tapes are popular in supporting self body care Body-Care-with-Tapes and why combining with Phitens's range of lotions and gels provides additional benefit Body-Care-to-Apply Download our Application Chart to learn how to apply or click on one of the links below to see more detailed advice on applications for specific issues.
Special Offers! Featured Products. More information. The tape could stay on your body for several days, subject to skin condition and hygienic condition. The lotion will last for approximately 12 hours, subject to perspiration and other factors.
If you are not certain, please directly contact to the seller you purchased the product from. Be further informed that we are not responsible for the products purchased through non-authorized store, retailer, or on-line shopping. However, its strong adhesiveness keeps the tape securely attached for an extended period of time. For the sake of good hygiene, replace them time by time.
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