C-peptide is important especially when determining treatment because it can be used to measure how much insulin a person is making. The more C-peptide a person has, the more insulin they are making. This can help a provider determine how much insulin to prescribe. In people with type 1 diabetes , the pancreas no longer makes insulin.
The beta cells have been destroyed and they need insulin shots to use glucose from meals. People with type 2 diabetes make insulin, but their bodies don't respond well to it. Some people with type 2 diabetes need diabetes pills or insulin shots to help their bodies use glucose for energy. Insulin cannot be taken as a pill because it would be broken down during digestion just like the protein in food. It must be injected into the fat under your skin for it to get into your blood.
In some rare cases insulin can lead to an allergic reaction at the injection site. Short-acting insulin typically begins to act within 30 to 45 minutes, reaches a peak of action at around 90 minutes and has mostly stopped working by about 3 to 4 hours. There is also a short-acting form of insulin that is inhaled rather than injected. This was introduced in under the brand name Afrezza. Short-acting insulin is used to treat the rapid rise and fall of sugar with meals.
This kind of insulin is not used as commonly now as it had been but still works well in some settings. Long-acting insulin is meant to provide a background of insulin throughout a hour period. A long-acting insulin, glargine, comes as brand-names Lantus and Toujeo. The standard strength used in the United States is U This means that it contains units of insulin per milliliter of liquid.
While the strength of insulin varies, its action depends on three characteristics: onset, peak time, and duration. Onset refers to the length of time it takes for the insulin to start lowering the blood sugar level.
Peak time refers to the time when the insulin is at its maximum efficacy in lowering blood sugar levels. Lastly, duration refers to how long insulin continues to lower blood sugar levels for. Insulin is not available in pill form because your digestive enzymes can break it down. Insulin is, after all, a protein. Injecting it under the fat of the skin effectively transports it to the blood.
There are several different types of insulin available for people who have diabetes:. Researchers have pointed out that the behavior of insulin after administration can vary.
This means that there is a tendency for insulin not to follow the standard onset for it to start working. There are different factors that influence the absorption of insulin. People with diabetes typically use three regions as the injection sites for their insulin: the upper arm, upper leg, and abdomen. Out of the three sites, the abdomen results in the most effective and rapid absorption of insulin.
The upper leg region results in the slowest. The higher the insulin concentration, the more rapid the diffusion and rate of absorption.
Stacking means taking your doses too close together, causing their activity to overlap. Your doctor might recommend adding short-acting insulin before a meal to prevent a blood sugar spike after you eat.
If you change brands of long-acting insulin, you may need a different dose. Talk to your doctor for advice if you change brands of any insulin. Other possible side effects of insulin injections include pain, redness, or swelling of the skin at the injection site. Sometimes insulin is given in combination with thiazolidinediones. This drug group includes oral diabetic drugs like Actos and Avandia.
Taking insulin with thiazolidinediones increases the risk of fluid retention and heart failure. For those taking degludec, precautions may be necessary because of its long effect in the body. You doctor may need to increase your dose at a very gradual rate, at least three to four days apart. It will also take longer to clear the drug from your body. No matter which type of insulin you take, it should work well to control your blood sugar.
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